Tetra­carbonyl­bis(η5-cyclo­penta­dienyl)bis[(dec-9-en-1-yl)diphenyl­phosphine]dimolybdenum(0)(Mo—Mo) tetra­hydro­furan disolvate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Mo2(η5-C5H5)2(C22H29P)2(CO)4]·2C4H8O, contains two half-mol­ecules of the organometallic species and two solvent mol­ecules. Both organometallic mol­ecules are completed by crystallographic inversion symmetry, yielding dimeric units with Mo—Mo single-bond lengths of 3.2703 (6) and 3.2548 (6) Å. Each Mo atom is also coordinated by an η5-cyclo­pentdienyl ligand, two carbonyl ligands, and a (dec-9-en-1-yl)diphenyl­phosphine ligand

Searching for Weak or Complex Magnetic Fields in Polarized Spectra of Rigel

Seventy-eight high-resolution Stokes V, Q and U spectra of the B8Iae supergiant Rigel were obtained with the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter at CFHT and its clone NARVAL at TBL in the context of the Magnetism in Massive Stars (MiMeS) Large Program, in order to scrutinize this core-collapse supernova progenitor for evidence of weak and/or complex magnetic fields. In this paper we describe the reduction and analysis of the data, the constraints obtained on any photospheric magnetic field, and the variability of photospheric and wind lines.Comment: IAUS272 - Active OB Stars: Structure, Evolution, Mass Loss and Critical Limit

Tetracarbon­ylbis(η5-cyclo­penta­dien­yl)bis(diphenyl­phosphine)dimolybdenum(Mo—Mo) hexane solvate

The title compound, [Mo2(C5H5)2(C12H11P)2(CO)4]·C6H14, is a centrosymmetric Mo complex in which two Mo atoms are connected by an Mo—Mo bond [3.2072 (12) Å]. Each Mo atom is coordinated by an η5-cyclo­penta­dienyl ligand, two carbonyl ligands and a diphenyl­phosphine ligand in a piano-stool fashion

Evaluation of the Current Perspectives on Letters of Recommendation for Residency Applicants among Plastic Surgery Program Directors

Background. The goals of this project were to evaluate the current perspective on letters of recommendation and to assess the need for, and acceptance of, a more standardized letter of recommendation (LOR). Methods. An eight-question survey was distributed to plastic surgery program directors. A five-point Likert scale was selected as a means of quantifying the participants' responses to the survey. Results. Twenty-eight of 71 program directors (39.4%) completed the survey. The majority of participants felt that current LOR did not offer a realistic way to compare applicants (mean ± SD, 2.9 ± 0.8). While most agreed that increasing the objectivity of LOR would be valuable in comparing applicants (mean ± SD, 4.1 ± 0.9), the overall average response to whether a more standardized letter format would improve the resident selection process remained only slightly better than neutral (mean ± SD, 3.5 ± 1.2). Most of the chairmen supported the notion that familiarity with the author of the LOR strengthened the recommendation (mean ± SD, 4.5 ± 0.6). Conclusion. The majority of plastic surgery program directors would like more objectivity in comparing applicants but are ambivalent about a standardized letter of recommendation

Fidelity and diagnostic species concepts in vegetation classification in the Rocky Mountains, northern Utah, USA

The concepts of diagnostic species and fidelity have been used frequently in European phytosociology but rarely in North American vegetation classification. We developed a classification of the vegetation of a mountainous area of northern Utah and compared the diagnostic species approach with the indicator-species approach of habitat type classification sensu Daubenmire prevailing in the U.S. Interior West. A total of 157 forest and nonforested plots were described by vascular plants and basic environmental factors. Clustering with RandomForest classification and ordination reduced the original number of plots to 26 meaningful vegetation units. Of these 26 units, 22 were strong, having four or more faithful species. Four units were weak, having less than three faithful species. We identified species diagnostic of particular vegetation units that are potentially useful for recognition of these units in the field. We proposed vegetation types at the level of vegetation alliances and associations, and correlated them with environmental factors. We found our vegetation units to be more strongly associated with the underlying environment than major habitat types sensu Daubenmire. Our approach to classification has the potential to directly link vegetation with the physical environment and could be the basis for a substantial improvement of vegetation classification in the central Rocky Mountains

Affording autism an early brain development re-definition

The national priority to advance early detection and intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has not reduced the late age of ASD diagnosis in the US over several consecutive Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) surveillance cohorts, with traditionally under-served populations accessing diagnosis later still. In this review, we explore a potential perceptual barrier to this enterprise which views ASD in terms that are contradicted by current science, and which may have its origins in the current definition of the condition and in its historical associations. To address this perceptual barrier, we propose a re-definition of ASD in early brain development terms, with a view to revisit the world of opportunities afforded by current science to optimize children\u27s outcomes despite the risks that they are born with. This view is presented here to counter outdated notions that potentially devastating disability is determined the moment a child is born, and that these burdens are inevitable, with opportunities for improvement being constrained to only alleviation of symptoms or limited improvements in adaptive skills. The impetus for this piece is the concern that such views of complex neurodevelopmental conditions, such as ASD, can become self-fulfilling science and policy, in ways that are diametrically opposed to what we currently know, and are learning every day, of how genetic risk becomes, or not, instantiated as lifetime disabilities

Integrating biological pathways and genomic profiles with ChiBE 2

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Background: Dynamic visual exploration of detailed pathway information can help researchers digest and interpret complex mechanisms and genomic datasets. Results: ChiBE is a free, open-source software tool for visualizing, querying, and analyzing human biological pathways in BioPAX format. The recently released version 2 can search for neighborhoods, paths between molecules, and common regulators/targets of molecules, on large integrated cellular networks in the Pathway Commons database as well as in local BioPAX models. Resulting networks can be automatically laid out for visualization using a graphically rich, process-centric notation. Profiling data from the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics and expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus can be overlaid on these networks. Conclusions: ChiBE's new capabilities are organized around a genomics-oriented workflow and offer a unique comprehensive pathway analysis solution for genomics researchers

Uniqueness of quantum states compatible with given measurement results

We discuss the uniqueness of quantum states compatible with given measurement results for a set of observables. For a given pure state, we consider two different types of uniqueness: (1) no other pure state is compatible with the same measurement results and (2) no other state, pure or mixed, is compatible with the same measurement results. For case (1), it was known that for a d-dimensional Hilbert space, there exists a set of 4d-5 observables that uniquely determines any pure state. We show that for case (2), 5d-7 observables suffice to uniquely determine any pure state. Thus, there is a gap between the results for (1) and (2), and we give some examples to illustrate this. Unique determination of a pure state by its reduced density matrices (RDMs), a special case of determination by observables, is also discussed. We improve the best-known bound on local dimensions in which almost all pure states are uniquely determined by their RDMs for case (2). We further discuss circumstances where (1) can imply (2). We use convexity of the numerical range of operators to show that when only two observables are measured, (1) always implies (2). More generally, if there is a compact group of symmetries of the state space which has the span of the observables measured as the set of fixed points, then (1) implies (2). We analyze the possible dimensions for the span of such observables. Our results extend naturally to the case of low-rank quantum states. © 2013 American Physical Society

Identifying Knee Laxity Profiles and Associated Physical Characteristics

Context: A single measure of knee laxity (ie, measurement of laxity in a single plane of motion) is probably inadequate to fully describe how knee joint laxity is associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury.Objective: To characterize interparticipant differences in the absolute and relative magnitudes of multiplanar knee laxity (ie, sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes) and examine physical characteristics that may contribute to these differences.Design: Descriptive laboratory study.Setting: University research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: 140 participants (90 women, 50 men).Main Outcome Measure(s): Using cluster analysis, we grouped participants into distinct multiplanar knee laxity profiles based on the absolute and relative magnitudes of their anterior knee laxity (AKL), genu recurvatum (GR), and varusvalgus (VV) and internal-external rotation (IER) knee laxity. Using multinomial logistic regression, we then examined associations between the different laxity profile clusters and physical characteristics of sex, age, activity level, general joint laxity, body mass index, thigh strength, and 8 measures of lower extremity anatomical alignment.Results: Six clusters were identified: low (LOW), moderate (MOD) and high (HIGH) laxity overall and disproportionally higher VV/IER (MODVV/IER), GR (HIGHGR), and AKL (HIGHAKL) laxity. Once all other physical characteristics were accounted for, the LOW cluster was more likely to be older, with longer femur length. Clusters with greater magnitudes of VV and IER laxity were more likely to be younger and to have lower body mass index, smaller Q-angle, and shorter femur length (MOD, HIGH, MODVV/IER) and less thigh strength (HIGH). The HIGHGR cluster was more likely to be female and to have a smaller tibiofemoral angle and longer femur length. The HIGHAKL cluster was more likely to have greater hip anteversion and navicular drop.Conclusions: The absolute and relative magnitudes of a person's multiplanar knee laxity are not always uniform across planes of motion and can be influenced by age, body composition, thigh strength, and structural alignment. Except in HIGHGR, sex was not a significant predictor of cluster membership once other physical characteristics were taken into account